Saturday, March 2, 2013

Empowerment and role setting: the "rescuer" 's intentions




Transactional analysis sees 3 roles: perpetrator, rescuer and victim, the so-called Karpman drama triangle (Karpman, 1968). The interesting idea behind this theory is that by perpetuating these roles, the danger is to confine the victim in his/her victim role.
On the other hand, the concepts of resilience and empowerment aim at helping the person out of the victim position, precisely because this position can turn into a trap, a prison, in which the dominant feeling is one of powerlessness.
The question that arises out of these considerations is the one of the intentions of the person who plays the role of the rescuer. The intention of helping is obviously a noble one. Yet there seems to be two possible ways to approach it. The first one, less healthy one, would be to see the rescuer as the one who is going to "fix" the victim. In this configuration, pushed to the extreme, the victim turns into an excuse for the rescuer to be a rescuer, to take on the validating role of the rescuer. This approach can be reinforced by the language use, words that would confine the person in the victim position by, for instance, repeatedly defining the victim from the perspective of the traumatic event where harm was perpetrated.
Another, possibly healthier - healthy being understood as growth-nurturing - constellation, would be one where the intention of the person who was asked for help is to accompany the person who has been victimized in a particular context into a context, in which the person feels more empowered. In a way, the victim is at the mercy of both the perpetrator and the rescuer if he/she stays in that position.
Traumatic events play a major role in the construction of one's narrative. By working on the meaning given to the situation, it seems to be possible to regain a sense of mastery, not over the facts as they happened, but over the meaning we give them. The concept of "survivor" is interesting here. It is now very commonly used in the mental health field and might be popular due to the possible connotation the word has: "I was exposed to a great threat but I made it through".
One of the prerequisites for that has to do with the rescuer and his/her intentions: if focused on empowering the person with strategies and resources to help them extract themselves out of a narrative that perpetuates powerlessness, it seems that the roles assigned can be shifted within the narrative and that a sense of mastery can be regained.